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--- world_war_i [2022/12/12 23:22]
eziothekilla34
+++ world_war_i [2022/12/13 23:47] (current)
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 The Great War, the World War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars were other names for World War I.[([[https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history|history]])]
+===== Fighting 1914-1918 =====
+Between 1914 and 1918, nearly every continent and every ocean saw combat during World War I. However, the most of the combat occurred in Europe.[([[https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/how-the-world-went-to-war-in-1914|iwm]])]
+===== The Beginning =====
+The shooting deaths of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and his wife on June 28, 1914, signaled the start of World War I. On July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary formally declared war on Serbia. Germany backed Austria-Hungary, whereas Russia, France, and Germany supported Serbia. The violence rapidly spread to other nations throughout the world.[([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gavrilo-Princip|britannica]])]
+===== Russian Fatalities =====
+During World War I, Russia mobilized 16 million men, making it the war's greatest army. More over 3/4 were lost during combat—dead, injured, or missing.[([[https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/war_losses_russian_empire|encyclopedia 1914-1918]])]
+===== Black Hand =====
+Black Hand, Sarajevo was the terrorist organization responsible for the death of Franz Ferdinand.[([[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Hand-secret-Serbian-society|britannica]])]
+===== United States Engagement =====
+The United States entered WWI during the final year and a half of the war.[([[https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/u-s-entry-into-world-war-i-1|history]])]
+===== Sunk Ships  By U-boats =====
+Between 1914 and 1918, 274 German U-boats sunk 6,596 ships. U-35 (sank 224 ships), U-39 (154 ships), U-38 (137 ships), U-34 (121 ships), and U-33 were the five most successful U-boats (84 ships). The majority of them were sunk along the coast, especially in the English Channel.[([[https://www.facebook.com/1464132496984012/photos/a.1464148190315776/1464171773646751/?type=3&locale=zh_CN&paipv=0&eav=AfYxTTMEIlOxEDmrD5Pb6mu3JFRoSBP6jbGQkzvYlK3mio537FzyWVENrX4wq8Dgapk&_rdr=|facebook]])]
+===== Trenches =====
+German trenches contrasted sharply with British trenches. Bunk beds, furnishings, cabinets, water tanks with taps, electric lights, and doorbells were all incorporated in German trenches.[([[https://anzac100.initiatives.qld.gov.au/remember/western-front/index.aspx|anzac100]])]
+===== Gas =====
+During WWI, France, not Germany, was the first to employ gas on opposing soldiers. They used the first tear gas grenades (xylyl bromide) against the Germans in August 1914. Germany initially employed tear gas against Russian soldiers in January 1915, but the gas turned to liquid in the chilly air. The Germans were the first to employ toxic chlorine gas in April 1915.[([[https://www.firstworldwar.com/weaponry/gas.htm|firstworldwar]])]
+===== Use Of Gas =====
+During WWI, the Germans discharged around 68,000 tons of gas, and the British and French released 51,000 tons. In total, 1,200,000 troops on both sides were gassed, with 91,198 of them dying horribly.[([[http://www.militarydespatches.co.za/page5.html|militarydespatches]])]
+===== Cloths On Face =====
+In an emergency of contact with gas, soldiers were instructed to cover their faces with a urine-soaked cloth.[([[https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/ten-rarely-known-facts-about-world-war-i-10995.html/page/4|indiatvnews]])]
+===== Gas Masks With Filter =====
+By 1918, gas masks with filter respirators were typically adequate protection.[([[https://en.gazdetect.com/blog/ww1-gas-mask/|gazdetect]])]
+===== Treaties Against Chemical Weapons =====
+Following the end of the war, numerous countries signed treaties prohibiting the use of chemical weapons.[([[https://www.opcw.org/about-us/history|opcw]])]
+===== US Supplies To France=====
+During the war, the United States transported over 7.5 million tons of supplies to France to aid the Allied cause. There were 70,000 horses or mules, roughly 50,000 vehicles, 27,000 freight cars, and 1,800 locomotives among them.[([[http://www.militarydespatches.co.za/page5.html|militarydespatches]])]
+===== Maxim Machine Gun =====
+WWI saw the widespread usage of the machine gun, which Hiram Maxim invented in the United States in 1884. The water-cooled Maxim weighed roughly 100 pounds. It could shoot between 450 and 600 rounds per minute. The Maxim design was employed in the majority of machine guns used in WWI.[([[https://online.norwich.edu/academic-programs/resources/how-machine-gun-changed-combat-during-world-war-i|norwich]])]
+===== Dogfight =====
+During WWI, the phrase "dogfight" was created. The pilot had to cut off the plane's engine on occasion to prevent it from stalling when the plane twisted fast in the air. It sounded like dogs barking as a pilot ignited his engine in flight.[([[http://www.ww1mobilemuseum.com/wwi-facts.htmli|ww1mobilemuseum]])]
+===== Devil Gun =====
+The French used what German soldiers referred to as the Devil Gun. This 75 mm gun was accurate up to 5 miles. The French generals declared that the Devil Gun had won the war.[([[https://waverlyhs.weebly.com/us-history-blog-may-2017---may-2018/harry-truman-and-the-great-war|waverlyhs]])]
+===== Pro-War Speeches =====
+During the United States' engagement in WWI, more than 75,000 persons delivered around 7.5 million four-minute pro-war speeches in movie theaters and elsewhere to an estimated 314.5 million people.[([[https://www.sutori.com/en/story/american-world-history--etjgUwVE6kss4THNrn8VjoTk|sutori]])]
+===== Hello Girls =====
+American troops referred to them as "Hello Girls", and they were American women who worked as telephone operators for Pershing's army in Europe. The women spoke fluent French and English and had received special training from the American Telephone and Telegraph Company.[([[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/women-frontlines-wwi-came-operate-telephones-180962687/|smithsonianmag]])]
+===== Awards And Honors For Hello Girls =====
+The United States Army ultimately awarded military honors and veteran benefits to the few remaining Hello Girls in 1979.[([[https://www.vfw.org/media-and-events/latest-releases/archives/2021/3/hello-girls-kept-world-war-i-communications-humming/|vfw]])]

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