The world's largest coffee producers are Brazil (2.44 million tons per year), Vietnam (1.17 million tons), and Colombia (0.88 million tons). Coffee appeared in Vietnam in the 19th century thanks to French colonists. By the end of the 20th century. Vietnam became the second largest coffee producer in the world after Brazil. In Vietnam mainly Robusta is grown but also Arabica and the world's most expensive coffee - Kopi Luwak. ¹⁾

The Red River flows through Hanoi. The water in the river actually has a red hue due to the large amounts of red silt. ²⁾

Ho Chi Minh is the largest city in Vietnam. As Saigon, it was the capital of the French colony of Kochinchina, and later (from 1955 to 1975) of the Republic of South Vietnam. After the capture of the city by North Vietnamese forces, it was renamed in honor of the communist leader. ³⁾

Agent Orange was used during the Vietnam War as part of Operation Ranch Hand (1961 - 1971). It resulted in the discharge of approximately 10 million gallons of this substance. It belongs to the group of rainbow herbicides. It is a strong defoliant. It destroys broadleaf plants, vegetable crops, shrubs, and deciduous trees. It causes leaf drop and withering of young tree shoots after about 3-4 weeks. About 8 million people were exposed to it and 400,000 were maimed and killed. The potent dioxin, TCDD, was responsible for its toxicity. Monsanto produced this herbicide with Dow Chemicals. ⁴⁾

Pagoda of the Celestial Lady (Thiên Mụ) is a historic temple in the city of Hue, Vietnam. It is an iconic seven-story pagoda considered an unofficial symbol of the city. It was built in 1601, commissioned by Nguyễn Hoang, considered the founder of the Nguyen dynasty and southern Vietnam. In 2013, its 400th anniversary was celebrated in Hue. ⁵⁾