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--- thomas_jefferson [2024/01/17 05:48]
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+++ thomas_jefferson [2024/01/22 03:37] (current)
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 Thomas Jefferson served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809.[([[https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/thomas-jefferson/|whitehouse]])]
+===== Founding Father =====
+He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and played a key role in drafting the Declaration of Independence.[([[https://www.monticello.org/thomas-jefferson/jefferson-s-three-greatest-achievements/the-declaration/jefferson-and-the-declaration/|monticello]])]
+===== Author of the Declaration of Independence =====
+Jefferson is credited with being the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, which was adopted on July 4, 1776.[([[https://daily.jstor.org/who-wrote-the-declaration-independence/|jstor]])]
+===== Architect =====
+Apart from politics, Jefferson was an accomplished architect and designed his home, Monticello, as well as the Virginia State Capitol.[([[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/442/|unesco]])]
+===== Louisiana Purchase =====
+As president, Jefferson orchestrated the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, doubling the size of the United States by acquiring a vast territory from France.[([[https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/the-louisiana-purchase-jeffersons-constitutional-gamble|constitutioncenter]])]
+===== Founder of the University of Virginia =====
+Jefferson founded the University of Virginia in 1819 and is often referred to as its "father."[([[https://pl.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-americas/british-colonies/early-republic/a/jefferson-rotunda-uva|khanacademy]])]
+===== Political Parties =====
+He was the founder of the Democratic-Republican Party, which later evolved into the Democratic Party.[([[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party|britannica]])]
+===== Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom =====
+Jefferson is also known for his efforts in promoting religious freedom, and he drafted the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom in 1777.[([[https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/virginia-statute-religious-freedom/|monticello]])]
+===== Multilingual =====
+Jefferson was fluent in several languages, including French, Italian, Latin, and Greek.[([[https://www.quora.com/Which-American-presidents-spoke-more-than-one-language|quora]])]
+===== Hobbies =====
+He had diverse interests, including gardening, paleontology, and playing the violin.[([[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/644742.Thomas_Jefferson_and_the_New_Nation|goodreads]])]
+===== Inventor =====
+Jefferson was an inventor and is credited with inventing various devices, including a swivel chair and a spherical sundial.[([[https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/presidents-theyre-inventors-too-nyall-engfield|linkedin]])]
+===== Deist Beliefs =====
+Jefferson held Deist beliefs, rejecting traditional Christian doctrines and emphasizing reason in understanding God.[([[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/godinamerica/god-in-the-white-house/|pbs]])]
+===== Early Education =====
+He began his education at the age of five and was proficient in Latin, Greek, and French by the time he reached adolescence.[([[https://study.com/academy/lesson/thomas-jefferson-early-life-education.html|study]])]
+===== Lawyer =====
+Jefferson was a lawyer by profession and practiced law in Virginia.[([[https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/jefferson-thomas-and-the-practice-of-law/|encyclopediavirginia]])]
+===== Governor of Virginia =====
+Before becoming president, he served as the second Governor of Virginia from 1779 to 1781.[([[https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/thomas-jefferson|history]])]
+===== Secretary of State =====
+Jefferson served as the first Secretary of State under President George Washington from 1790 to 1793.[([[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/jefferson-thomas|state]])]
+===== Meticulous Record Keeper =====
+Jefferson was a meticulous record keeper, maintaining detailed records of weather, crop rotations, and other aspects of daily life.[([[https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/ROA-Times/issues/1993/rt9304/930411/04110238.htm|scholar]])]
+===== Embargo Act of 1807 =====
+He implemented the Embargo Act of 1807, an attempt to maintain U.S. neutrality in European conflicts by restricting trade, but it had adverse economic consequences.[([[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Embargo-Act|britannica]])]
+===== Dinner Table Diplomacy =====
+Jefferson often used informal gatherings and dinner parties to engage in political discussions and advance his agenda, a style referred to as "dinner table diplomacy."[([[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20455775|jstor]])]
+===== Lewis and Clark Expedition =====
+Jefferson commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806) to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory.[([[https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/lewis-and-clark|history]])]
+===== Numismatist =====
+He had a keen interest in collecting coins and was a numismatist, with a substantial collection of coins from various countries.[([[https://blog.littletoncoin.com/thomas-jeffersons-coin-collection/|littletoncoin]])]
+===== Family Tragedy =====
+Jefferson experienced personal tragedy, losing his wife Martha to illness and several children who died in infancy.[([[https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/1600/first-ladies/marthajefferson|obamawhitehouse]])]
+===== Relationship with John Adams =====
+Jefferson had a complicated relationship with John Adams but rekindled their friendship through correspondence in their later years.[([[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/adams-interview-historians/|pbs]])]
+===== Library of Congress =====
+The Library of Congress was reestablished in 1800 after the original collection was destroyed during the War of 1812, using Jefferson's personal library as a foundation.[([[https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefflib.html|loc]])]
+===== Quotable =====
+Many famous quotes are attributed to Jefferson, including "All men are created equal" and "I cannot live without books."[([[https://www.boredpanda.com/thomas-jefferson-quotes/|boredpanda]])]
+===== Weather Enthusiast =====
+He maintained detailed weather records at Monticello, noting temperature, wind direction, and other meteorological observations.[([[https://www.weather.gov/timeline|weather]])]
+===== Slave Owner =====
+Despite advocating for equality, Jefferson was a slave owner, and the issue of slavery remained a complex aspect of his legacy.[([[https://gatorfeatures.shorthandstories.com/jefferson/index.html|gatorfeatures]])]
+===== Strict Constructionist =====
+Jefferson was a strict constructionist, believing in a limited interpretation of the Constitution and advocating for states' rights.[([[https://study.com/learn/lesson/strict-vs-loose-construction-outline-analysis.html|study]])]
+===== Embodied Enlightenment Ideas =====
+He embodied Enlightenment ideas, emphasizing reason, individual rights, and skepticism of authoritarianism.[([[https://world101.cfr.org/contemporary-history/prelude-global-era/what-enlightenment-and-how-did-it-transform-politics|world101]])]
+===== Bibliophile =====
+Jefferson had an extensive personal library, which he sold to the U.S. government to form the basis of the Library of Congress.[([[https://cool.culturalheritage.org/bytopic/orgs/lchist.html|culturalheritage]])]
+===== Vice President =====
+Before becoming president, Jefferson served as Vice President under John Adams from 1797 to 1801.[([[https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/the-early-republic/politics-society-early-19th-c/a/thomas-jefferson-as-president|khanacademy]])]
+===== Naturalist =====
+Jefferson had a fascination with nature and was an amateur naturalist, studying and documenting various plants and animals.[([[https://www.amphilsoc.org/exhibits/animals/case-one.php|amphilsoc]])]
+===== Epicurean Tastes =====
+He had refined tastes in food and wine, introducing dishes like macaroni and cheese to the United States.[([[https://www.quora.com/Thomas-Jefferson-credited-with-introducing-ice-cream-macaroni-and-cheese-and-other-foods-to-America-Why-this-apparently-peculiar-link-between-Thomas-Jefferson-and-beloved-food-in-American-popular-memory|quora]])]
+===== Retirement at Monticello =====
+After his presidency, Jefferson retired to Monticello, where he continued to engage in various intellectual pursuits.[([[https://www.sparknotes.com/biography/jefferson/section16/|sparknotes]])]
+===== Alien and Sedition Acts =====
+Jefferson strongly opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts during Adams' presidency, considering them unconstitutional.[([[https://www.history.com/topics/early-us/alien-and-sedition-acts|history]])]
+===== Pacifist Ideals =====
+He held pacifist ideals, advocating for peaceful relations with Native American tribes and other nations.[([[https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/11011/thesis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|researchcommons]])]
+===== Culinary Innovator =====
+Jefferson is credited with introducing French cuisine to America, popularizing dishes such as French fries and ice cream.[([[https://www.monticello.org/research-education/blog/4-foods-jefferson-helped-popularize-in-america/|monticello]])]
+===== Correspondence =====
+Jefferson was a prolific letter writer, with thousands of surviving letters providing insights into his thoughts and actions.[([[https://www1.goramblers.org/fill-and-sign-pdf-form/Book?dataid=qSp:8208&Academia=John-Adams-Letters-To-Thomas-Jefferson(3).pdf|goramblers]])]
+===== Skeptic of Standing Armies =====
+He was skeptical of maintaining a standing army during peacetime, fearing its potential threat to democracy.[([[https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5281&context=etd|researchrepository]])]
+===== Art Collector =====
+Jefferson was an art enthusiast and a collector, amassing a significant collection of paintings and sculptures.[([[https://www.amazon.com/Worlds-Thomas-Jefferson-At-Monticello/dp/0810939673|amazon]])]
+===== Financial Troubles =====
+Despite his accomplishments, Jefferson faced financial difficulties throughout his life, often struggling with debt.[([[https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/Foundation/journal/Winter10/jefferson.cfm|colonialwilliamsburg]])]
+===== Girandole Mirrors =====
+Jefferson introduced girandole mirrors, a type of wall mirror, to the United States after encountering them in Paris.[([[https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/semicircular-mirror/|monticello]])]
+===== West Point Military Academy =====
+He played a role in the establishment of the United States Military Academy at West Point.[([[https://www.westpoint.edu/about/history-of-west-point|westpoint]])]
+===== Interest in Fossils =====
+Jefferson had a fascination with fossils and kept a collection of prehistoric bones, contributing to early American paleontology.[([[https://www.americanscientist.org/article/jeffersons-old-bones|americanscientist]])]
+===== Legacy =====
+Thomas Jefferson's legacy is complex, as he is celebrated for his contributions to American independence and democracy but also criticized for his views on race and slavery.[([[https://millercenter.org/president/jefferson/impact-and-legacy|millercenter]])]

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