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--- submarines [2020/11/03 14:02]
piotr
+++ submarines [2023/01/16 06:17] (current)
aga
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 ====== Submarines ======
-===== Alligator - Civil War =====
+==== Alligator - Civil War ====
+Alligator was a submarine designed by the French that was deployed during the American Civil War by the Union. It was 47 feet long and four feet in diameter. [([[https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/alligator/|Natural Marine Sanctuaries]])]
-//Alligator// was a submarine designed by the French that was deployed during the American Civil War by the Union. It was 47 ft long and had 4 ft in diameter.
+==== Typhoon class - biggest submarine ====
-[([[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_submarines#American_Civil_War|Wikipedia]])].
+With a submerged displacement of 48,000 tonnes, a length of 574ft (175m), and a beam of 75ft (23m), Project-941 Akula class (NATO reporting name Typhoon) nuclear-powered submarines are the largest ever made. They could reach 27 knots (50km/h) while submerged and stay underwater for over 120 days. [([[https://www.naval-technology.com/features/feature-the-worlds-biggest-submarines/|Naval Technology]])]
+==== 20 R-39 ballistic missiles ====
+They could carry 20 R-39 ballistic missiles, each with 10 nuclear warheads. This means that each (of the six ever built) Typhoon-class submarines were able to sneak to almost any place in the world undetected and launch nuclear warheads to 200 separate targets in a 5,200-mile (8,300 km) range in a short period of time. With a blast yield of 100-200 kt of TNT each(which is 10 times more powerful than the atomic bombs used in Hiroshima and Nagasaki), they were capable of annihilating entire countries. [([[https://web.archive.org/web/20120202043352/http://missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.155/missile_detail.asp|Missile Threat]])]
-===== Typhoon class - biggest submarine =====
+==== TK-208 Dmitry Donskoy ====
-With a submerged displacement of 48.000 tonnes, length of 574ft (175m), and beam of 75ft (23m), Project-941 Akula class (NATO reporting name Typhoon) nuclear-powered submarines are biggest ever made[([[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon-class_submarine]])]. They could reach 27 knots (50km/h) submerged and stay over 120 days under the water. They could carry 20 R-39 ballistic missiles[([[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-39_Rif]])], each with 10 nuclear warheads. This means that each, of six ever built, Typhoon-class submarine was able to sneak to almost any place in the world undetected, and launch in short period of time nuclear warheads to 200 separate targets in 5.200 miles (8,300 km) range. With blast yield of 100-200 kt TNT each[([[https://web.archive.org/web/20120202043352/http://missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.155/missile_detail.asp]])], even ten times more powerful than atomic bombs used in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they were able to annihilate the whole countries.
+Today only one Akula, TK-208 Dmitry Donskoy, remains in service. [([[https://www.forbes.com/sites/hisutton/2020/08/23/last-typhoon-can-the-worlds-largest-submarine-still-destroy-the-world/|Forbes]])]
+==== Cornelius Drebbel ====
+The first submarine was built in 1620 by Dutch inventor Cornelius Drebbel. [([[https://www.history.com/news/9-groundbreaking-early-submarines|History]])]
+==== Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley ====
+The first successful military submarine was the Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley, which sank a Union ship during the American Civil War in 1864. [([[https://www.businessinsider.com/confederate-civil-war-submarine-hunley-first-sub-to-sink-warship-2021-2?IR=T|Business Insider]])]
+==== USS Nautilus ====
+The first nuclear-powered submarine was the USS Nautilus, which was commissioned in 1954. [([[https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/ships/submarines/uss-nautilus.html|Naval History and Heritage Command]])]
+==== 800 feet ====
+Submarines can operate at depths of up to 800 feet (240 meters). [([[https://navalpost.com/how-deep-can-a-submarine-dive/|Naval Post]])]
+==== Strategic asset in naval warfare ====
+Some submarines are equipped with missile launchers, making them a strategic asset in naval warfare. [([[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538886|JSTOR]])]
+==== Staying submerged ====
+Submarines can remain underwater for extended periods of time, with some able to stay submerged for months at a time. [([[https://www.quora.com/How-long-can-a-submarine-stay-underwater|Quora]])]
+==== Buoyancy ====
+Submarines use a ballast system to control their buoyancy, allowing them to submerge and surface. [([[https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/submarine1.htm|How Stuff Works]])]
+==== Soviet Navy's Typhoon Class ====
+The largest submarine ever built was the Soviet Navy's Typhoon Class, which was 170 meters long and had a displacement of 48,000 tons. [([[https://www.discoveryuk.com/building-big/the-biggest-submarines-in-the-world/|Discovery UK]])]
+==== Periscope ====
+Submarines use a periscope to view the surface and a sonar system to detect other vessels and underwater obstacles. [([[https://www.marineinsight.com/naval-architecture/different-systems-on-a-naval-submarine/|Marine Insight]])]
+==== Dry decks ====
+Some submarines are equipped with dry decks, allowing them to launch and recover underwater vehicles while still submerged. [([[https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/ship/docs/990100-drydeck.htm|Deep Submergence Program Office]])]
+==== Largest submarine fleet ====
+The US Navy has the largest submarine fleet in the world, with 72 submarines in active service. [([[https://www.sublant.usff.navy.mil/About-Us/Submarine-Facts/|Submarine Force Atlantic]])]
+==== Nuclear-powered submarines ====
+Submarines can be classified into two main types: nuclear-powered submarines and diesel-electric submarines. [([[https://www.epa.gov/radtown/nuclear-submarines-and-aircraft-carriers|Environmental Protection Agency]])]
+==== Battle of the Atlantic ====
+Submarines played a crucial role in World War II, particularly in the Battle of the Atlantic. [([[https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Atlantic|Britannica]])]
+==== Silent Service ====
+The US Navy uses the term "Silent Service" to refer to its submarine force. [([[https://www.uso.org/stories/3060-what-you-should-know-about-the-u-s-naval-submarine-force|USO]])]
+==== Scientific research and exploration ====
+Submarines are also used for scientific research and exploration, as well as for oil and gas exploration. [([[https://encounteredu.com/cpd/subject-updates/learn-more-how-are-submarines-used-for-deep-ocean-exploration|Encountered Edu]])]
+{{tag>military history science}}

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