Naktong-gang is the longest river in South Korea. It has a length of 325 miles, and the port city of Busan is located on it. ¹⁾

Pansori is a traditional genre of Korean music, called Korean opera. Pansori was proclaimed a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2003 and inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Heritage List in 2008. ²⁾

The axe incident took place in the Korean Demilitarized Zone and occurred in 1976. A group of unarmed Americans entered the zone and began felling with axes a poplar tree obstructing observation. After a few minutes, a group of soldiers from the North arrived there and, after ignoring a warning to stop the work, killed two Americans with the axes they had taken, claiming that the poplar had been personally planted by Kim Ir Sen. ³⁾

Magohalmi or “Grandmother Mago” was a shamanistic deity with the power to bring rain. She was especially venerated in the area of Mt. Chhonhwang, of which she was the protector, and called there-Songmo (meaning “Holy Mother”). ⁴⁾

The four symbols in the corners of the flag are called trigrams, which have extensive symbolism in Chinese philosophy. They stand for the sky, the sun, the moon, and the earth, but also for the four seasons, the four directions of the world, and for justice, wisdom, vitality, and fertility. ⁵⁾