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--- rene_descartes [2024/04/02 03:05]
eziothekilla34 created
+++ rene_descartes [2024/04/09 00:25] (current)
eziothekilla34
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 René Descartes was born on March 31, 1596, in La Haye en Touraine, France.[([[https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/education/scientists/rene-descartes-1596-1650|hao]])]
+===== Father of Modern Philosophy =====
+He is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Philosophy."[([[https://www.cuemath.com/learn/rene-descartes/|cuemath]])]
+===== Cogito, ergo sum =====
+Descartes' most famous philosophical statement is "Cogito, ergo sum" or "I think, therefore I am."[([[https://philosophybreak.com/articles/i-think-therefore-i-am-descartes-cogito-ergo-sum-explained/|philosophybreak]])]
+===== Philosopher, Mathematician, Scientist =====
+He was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.[([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rene-Descartes|britannica]])]
+===== Analytical Geometry =====
+Descartes is credited with developing analytical geometry, which laid the foundation for calculus.[([[https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/science/mathematics/descartes-and-the-rebirth-of-geometry/|bbvaopenmind]])]
+===== Discourse On The Method =====
+His work "Discourse on the Method" is considered one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.[([[https://study.com/academy/lesson/discourse-on-the-method-summary-analysis.html|study]])]
+===== Influenced By Mathematics And Scientific Method =====
+Descartes was deeply influenced by both mathematics and the scientific method.[([[https://iep.utm.edu/descartes-scientific-method/|iep]])]
+===== Served As A Soldier =====
+He served as a soldier in the Dutch States Army during the Eighty Years' War.[([[https://www.cambridgeblog.org/2010/01/descartes-dutch/|cambridgeblog]])]
+===== Influence On Western Philosophy =====
+Descartes had a profound impact on the development of Western philosophy.[([[https://medium.com/@menonamrita2/ren%C3%A9-descartes-the-philosopher-of-rationalism-a2411ae7137b|medium]])]
+===== Interested In Knowledge And Certainty =====
+He was deeply interested in the nature of knowledge and certainty.[([[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/|plato]])]
+===== Devout Catholic =====
+Descartes was a devout Catholic but his ideas sometimes brought him into conflict with the Church.[([[https://apologeticspress.org/a-christian-response-to-descartes-radical-doubt-2790/|apologeticspress]])]
+===== Traveling Through Europe =====
+He spent a significant portion of his life traveling throughout Europe.[([[https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Descartes/|mathshistory]])]
+===== Skepticism And Doubt =====
+Descartes' philosophical approach emphasized skepticism and doubt as a means to establish certainty.[([[https://iep.utm.edu/rene-descartes/|iep]])]
+===== Optics And Anatomy =====
+He made significant contributions to the fields of optics and anatomy.[([[https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/descartes.html|fsu]])]
+===== Cartesian Dualism =====
+Descartes believed that the mind and body were distinct substances, a concept known as Cartesian dualism.[([[https://press.rebus.community/intro-to-phil-of-mind/chapter/substance-dualism-in-descartes-2/|rebus]])]
+===== Algebra In Geometry =====
+He was one of the first philosophers to apply algebra to geometry, revolutionizing mathematics.[([[https://famous-mathematicians.com/rene-descartes/|Famous Mathematicians]])]
+===== Influenced Other Philosophers =====
+Descartes' writings had a profound influence on subsequent philosophers such as Spinoza, Leibniz, and Locke.[([[https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03183725/document|shs]])]
+===== Corresponded With Other Intellectuals =====
+He corresponded with many leading intellectuals of his time, including Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia.[([[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/elisabeth-bohemia/|plato]])]
+===== Groundwork For Scientific Revolution =====
+Descartes' work laid the groundwork for the scientific revolution of the 17th century.[([[https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/rationalism/|lumenlearning]])]
+===== Resfused To Publish His Work =====
+He famously refused to publish one of his works, "The World," out of fear of persecution by the Catholic Church.[([[https://www.quora.com/I-am-therefore-I-think-Did-Descartes-get-it-wrong|quora]])]
+===== Methodological Skepticism =====
+Descartes' methodological skepticism led him to doubt even the existence of the physical world.[([[https://philife.nd.edu/descartes-meditations-doubt-everything/|philife]])]
+===== Innate Ideas =====
+He proposed a theory of innate ideas, suggesting that certain ideas are present in the mind from birth.[([[https://academic.oup.com/book/2661/chapter/143083332|oup]])]
+===== Cartesian Coordinates =====
+Descartes' mathematical contributions include the development of Cartesian coordinates.[([[https://www.ukessays.com/essays/philosophy/contribution-of-rene-descartes-to-mathematics-philosophy-essay.php|ukessays]])]
+===== Death =====
+He died on February 11, 1650, in Stockholm, Sweden, where he had been invited by Queen Christina.[([[https://www.britannica.com/question/How-did-Rene-Descartes-die|britannica]])]
+===== Remains =====
+Descartes' remains were later moved to France and are now interred at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris.[([[https://poitiershistorywalks.com/?page_id=195|poitiershistorywalks]])]
+===== Controversial In His Lifetime =====
+Despite his contributions to philosophy and science, Descartes' ideas were controversial in his lifetime.[([[https://www.tomorrow.bio/post/short-history-of-rene-descartes-2023-06-4668478057-philosophy|tomorrow]])]
+===== Problem Of Skepticism =====
+He was deeply interested in the problem of skepticism and sought to establish a firm foundation for knowledge.[([[https://grants.hhp.uh.edu/clayne/HistoryofMC/HistoryMC/DescartesI.htm|hhp]])]
+===== Doubting Truth =====
+Descartes' methodological doubt involved systematically doubting the truth of everything that could be doubted.[([[https://www.britannica.com/topic/methodic-doubt|britannica]])]
+===== Reliability Of Human Reason =====
+He argued that the existence of God was necessary to guarantee the reliability of human reason.[([[https://www.thecollector.com/descartes-believe-god-essential-knowledge/|thecollector]])]
+===== Philosophical Writings =====
+Descartes' philosophical writings include "Meditations on First Philosophy" and "Principles of Philosophy."[([[https://www.amazon.com/Philosophical-Writings-Descartes-John-Cottingham/dp/052128807X|amazon]])]
+===== Observation And Experimentation =====
+He was an early advocate of the scientific method, emphasizing observation and experimentation.[([[https://books.openedition.org/mnhn/2872|openedition]])]
+===== Enlightenment =====
+Descartes' ideas laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment, a period of intellectual and cultural growth in Europe.[([[https://www.britannica.com/event/Enlightenment-European-history|britannica]])]
+===== Body As A Machine =====
+He believed that the human body could be understood as a machine, governed by mechanical principles.[([[https://osf.io/d9pr6/download|osf]])]
+===== Mind-Body Relationship =====
+Descartes' theories on the mind-body relationship continue to be debated by philosophers and scientists today.[([[https://www.tomorrow.bio/post/the-mind-body-dualism-debate-by-descartes-2023-06-4603411577-philosophy|tomorrow]])]
+===== Mechanistic View =====
+He was one of the first philosophers to propose a mechanistic view of the universe.[([[https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA89380915&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=01479369&p=AONE&sw=w|gale]])]
+===== Calculus And Algebra =====
+Descartes' mathematical work influenced later developments in calculus and algebra.[([[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-mathematics/|stanford]])]
+===== Polymath =====
+He was a polymath, with interests ranging from mathematics and philosophy to anatomy and physiology.[([[https://www.quora.com/What-were-Descartes-contributions-to-science-and-mathematics-through-his-works-geometry-and-Discourse-on-Method|quora]])]
+===== Method Of Doubt Compared To Scientific Method =====
+Descartes' method of doubt has been compared to the scientific method, which seeks to test hypotheses through experimentation.[([[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290928145_Descartes's_Method_of_Doubt|researchgate]])]
+===== Optics =====
+He made significant contributions to the understanding of optics, including the laws of reflection and refraction.[([[https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/descartes.html|magnet]])]
+===== Epistemology =====
+Descartes' work on the nature of knowledge laid the foundation for modern epistemology.[([[https://medium.com/@hlulanizitha20/descartes-epistemology-6b9ae5ce2ba7|medium]])]
+===== Pineal Gland =====
+He believed that the mind and body interacted through the pineal gland, a small structure in the brain.[([[https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/discovery-mind-body-problem/|mitpress]])]
+===== Influence On Neuroscience And Psychology =====
+Descartes' ideas about the mind-body relationship continue to influence fields such as neuroscience and psychology.[([[https://philodive.com/blog/mind-body-dualism--descartes--influence-on-modern-philosophy|philodive]])]
+===== Critical Of Traditional Education =====
+He was critical of traditional forms of education, advocating for a more individualized and experiential approach.[([[https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/descartes-on-education-autodidacticism/docview/2121520076/se-2|proquest]])]
+===== Works Translated =====
+Descartes' writings have been translated into numerous languages and continue to be studied by philosophers and scholars around the world.[([[https://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/descartes/section1/|sparknotes]])]
+===== Important Figure =====
+He is considered one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy and science.[([[https://www.cuemath.com/learn/rene-descartes/|cuemath]])]

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