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--- nicolaus_copernicus [2023/09/20 00:28]
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 Copernicus accurately calculated the length of a year to within 10 minutes of the modern value.[([[https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2018/11/27/the-tragic-story-of-the-man-who-unlocked-the-universe/|forbes]])]
+===== Retrograde Motion =====
+His heliocentric model explained retrograde motion, a phenomenon that had puzzled astronomers for centuries.[([[https://starwalk.space/en/news/what-is-retrograde-motion|starwalk]])]
+===== Critical Precursor To Kepler =====
+Copernicus's work was a critical precursor to Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion and Isaac Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation.[([[https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-fmcc-worldcivilization2-1/chapter/the-scientific-revolution/|lumenlearning]])]
+===== Death =====
+He died on May 24, 1543, in Frombork, Poland, just weeks after his book was published.[([[https://www.camk.edu.pl/en/about/copernicus/|camk]])]
+===== Cause Of Death =====
+It is believed that Copernicus died of a cerebral hemorrhage or a stroke.[([[https://www.universetoday.com/45091/copernicus/|universetoday]])]
+===== Scientific Revolution Of 16th And 17th Centuries =====
+Copernicus's work laid the groundwork for the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries.[([[https://www.britannica.com/science/Scientific-Revolution|universetoday]])]
+===== Not Widely Recognized During Lifetime =====
+He was not widely recognized during his lifetime, and his work gained greater prominence in the centuries following his death.[([[http://info-poland.icm.edu.pl/classroom/kopernik/copernicus.shtml|icm]])]
+===== Crater On The Moon =====
+The crater Copernicus on the Moon is named in his honor.[([[https://www.space.com/moon-crater-copernicus-skywatching-august-2020.html|space]])]
+===== Met With Skepticism And Opposition =====
+Copernicus's heliocentric theory was initially met with skepticism and opposition from many astronomers and religious authorities.[([[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/|stanford]])]
+===== Banned Book =====
+The Catholic Church did not formally ban his work until 1616, over 70 years after its publication.[([[https://medium.com/the-mission/copernicus-and-the-banned-book-ea437667c4ac|medium]])]
+===== Confirmed And Refined Theory =====
+Copernicus's theory was later confirmed and refined by Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, and others.[([[https://www.wondriumdaily.com/the-heliocentric-theory-nicolaus-copernicus-and-galileo-galilei/|wondriumdaily]])]
+===== Challenged The Ptolemaic Model =====
+His work challenged the Ptolemaic model, which placed Earth at the center of the universe and had been the dominant view for centuries.[([[https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1051&context=younghistorians|pdxscholar]])]
+===== Empirical Observation And Evidence =====
+Copernicus's heliocentric model was part of a broader shift toward empirical observation and evidence-based science.[([[https://study.com/learn/lesson/heliocentric-theory-model.html|study]])]
+===== Devout Catholic =====
+He was a devout Catholic and saw no conflict between his religious beliefs and his scientific discoveries.[([[https://christiananswers.net/q-eden/galileo.html|christiananswers]])]
+===== Revolution In Understanding Cosmos =====
+Copernicus's work led to a revolution in the way we understand the cosmos, sparking new questions and avenues of inquiry.[([[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000074884|unesco]])]
+===== Understanding Movements Of Planets =====
+He made extensive observations of the planets, helping to refine our understanding of their movements.[([[https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/OrbitsHistory|earthobservatory]])]
+===== Contributions To Trigonometry And Mathematics =====
+In addition to his heliocentric theory, Copernicus made significant contributions to trigonometry and mathematics.[([[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/|stanford]])]
+===== Supporter Of Renaissance Humanism =====
+He was a supporter of the Renaissance humanism movement, which emphasized the value of individual achievement and intellectual pursuits.[([[https://www.worldhistory.org/Renaissance_Humanism/|worldhistory]])]
+===== Inspiration For Astronomers And Scientists =====
+Copernicus's work inspired generations of astronomers and scientists to question established dogma and seek empirical evidence.[([[https://home.cyf-kr.edu.pl/~n1kokows/M.Kokowski-ed.-The-Nicolaus-Copernicus-grave-mystery-2015.pdf|cyf]])]
+===== Motions Of Celestial Bodies =====
+His heliocentric model provided a simpler and more elegant explanation for the motions of celestial bodies compared to the geocentric model.[([[https://www.havefunwithhistory.com/nicolaus-copernicus-accomplishments/|havefunwithhistory]])]
+===== Book Dedicated To Pope Paul III =====
+Copernicus's book, "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium," was dedicated to Pope Paul III.[([[https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/education/scientists/nicolaus-copernicus-1473-1543|ucar]])]
+===== Challenging Static Earth-centered Universe =====
+His work was instrumental in challenging the notion of a static, Earth-centered universe.[([[https://pressbooks.pub/anne1/chapter/the-renaissance-reformation-and-sts/|pressbooks]])]
+===== Significant Shift In Thinking =====
+Many astronomers and mathematicians of his time did not immediately accept Copernicus's ideas, as they required a significant shift in thinking.[([[https://www.loc.gov/collections/finding-our-place-in-the-cosmos-with-carl-sagan/articles-and-essays/modeling-the-cosmos/whose-revolution-copernicus-brahe-and-kepler|loc]])]
+===== Turning Point In History =====
+The publication of his book marked a turning point in the history of astronomy and science.[([[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Copernican-Revolution|britannica]])]
+===== Groundwork For Modern Astrophysics And Cosmology =====
+Copernicus's heliocentric model laid the groundwork for the development of modern astrophysics and cosmology.[([[https://www.space.com/15684-nicolaus-copernicus.html|space]])]
+===== Scientific Method =====
+His work also influenced the development of the scientific method, emphasizing the importance of observation and empirical evidence.[([[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251204905_Origin_of_Scientific_Method|researchgate]])]
+===== Revolutionary Theory =====
+Copernicus's theory was revolutionary not only in astronomy but also in how people perceived their place in the universe.[([[https://upwr.edu.pl/en/news/prof-sosnica--copernicus-changed-our-perspective-on-the-universe-554.html|upwr]])]
+===== Modest And Private =====
+Despite his contributions, Copernicus was a relatively modest and private individual.[([[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/astronomy-biographies/nicholas-copernicus|encyclopedia]])]
+===== Profound Impact On Scientific Revolutions =====
+His ideas had a profound impact on subsequent scientific revolutions, including the work of Galileo, Kepler, and Newton.[([[https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1051&context=younghistorians|pdxscholar]])]
+===== Symbol Of Progress And Human Curiosity =====
+Copernicus's legacy endures as a symbol of scientific progress and the power of human curiosity to challenge and expand our understanding of the natural world.[([[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000050728|unesco]])]

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