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==== The population of 12.6 million ==== | ==== The population of 12.6 million ==== | ||
- | In 2019, the city's population reached 12.6 million. The entire agglomeration has 17.2 million inhabitants. In addition to the permanent population, the city has an additional 1.8 million visitors (people from other regions of the country looking for work, students, etc.). | + | In 2019, the city's population reached 12.6 million. The entire agglomeration has 17.2 million inhabitants. In addition to the permanent population, the city has an additional 1.8 million visitors (people from other regions of the country looking for work, students, etc.). |
==== Moscow Oblast ==== | ==== Moscow Oblast ==== | ||
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==== Founded before 1147 ==== | ==== Founded before 1147 ==== | ||
- | Moscow was founded before 1147. Throughout history, it has been the capital of the Duchy of Moscow, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, Soviet Russia, and the Soviet Union. [([[https:// | + | Moscow was founded before 1147. Throughout history, it has been the capital of the Duchy of Moscow, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union. [([[https:// |
==== The Grand Duchy of Moscow ==== | ==== The Grand Duchy of Moscow ==== | ||
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==== Moscow Kremlin Wall ==== | ==== Moscow Kremlin Wall ==== | ||
- | Between 1485 and 1495, the Moscow Kremlin was expanded according to the design of Italian Renaissance architects Pietro Solari and Marco Ruffo, who gave it its present-day appearance. Moscow churches (including the Annunciation Cathedral in the Kremlin) were often decorated with frescoes and icons by Theophan the Greek, Andrei Rublev, and Prochor of Gorodets. [([[https:// | + | Between 1485 and 1495, the Moscow Kremlin was expanded according to the design of Italian Renaissance architects Pietro Solari and Marco Ruffo, who gave it its present-day appearance. Moscow churches (including the Annunciation Cathedral in the Kremlin) were often decorated with frescoes and icons by Theophan the Greek, Andrei Rublev, and Prochor of Gorodets. [([[https:// |
+ | |||
+ | ==== Alexander Nevsky ==== | ||
+ | Alexander Nevsky (Grand Duke of Vladimir of the Rurykovich dynasty, an Orthodox saint) carved out the Duchy of Moscow as part of his state. He did this specifically for his youngest son Daniel, the founder of the Moscow line of the Rurykovichs. Moscow became the capital of the principality. During Daniel' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Grand Principality of Moscow ==== | ||
+ | The Grand Principality of Moscow from 1271 to 1480 depended on the Golden Horde (a historic Mongol state founded in 1240 in the western part of Genghis Khan's empire, with its capital at Sarai Batu). [([[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== The Rurykovich dynasty ==== | ||
+ | The Rurykovich dynasty led to the liberation of All-Russia from Tatar rule, united the Rus' lands and in the 16th century, the Grand Duchy of Moscow became the only independent Rus' state. [([[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Russian Empire ==== | ||
+ | The beginning of the Russian Empire was given in 1547 with the coronation of the Grand Duke of Moscow, Ivan IV the Terrible, as "Tsar of All-Russia. During his reign, the city received a sea connection, via the White Sea (an inland sea that is part of the Arctic Ocean, located between the Kolsk Peninsula and the coast of northern Russia), with the countries of Western Europe. [([[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed ==== | ||
+ | In the 16th century, architects Barma and Postnik Yakovlev built the Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed in Red Square, which has become a symbol of Moscow. [([[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Moving capitals ==== | ||
+ | Moscow ceased to be the capital of Russia in 1712 when Peter I the Great moved it to Petersburg. [([[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Lomonosov Moscow State University ==== | ||
+ | In 1755, on the initiative of Mikhail Lomonosov, the first Russian university was founded in Moscow, which now bears his name. [([[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Tretyakov Gallery ==== | ||
+ | In 1856 Pavel Tretyakov, a merchant, founded the Tretyakov Gallery, which now houses one of the world' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Capital again ==== | ||
+ | In 1918, the government formed by the Bolsheviks moved the capital back from St. Petersburg to Moscow. [([[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Operation Barbarossa ==== | ||
+ | During World War II, Moscow was a city that the Germans failed to conquer. [([[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Cathedral of Christ the Savior ==== | ||
+ | It is also home to the world' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Cathedral of Christ the Savior ==== | ||
+ | On Theater Square, near the Kremlin, is the Bolshoi Theater, Moscow' | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{tag> |