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 ==== Moons of Mars ====
-Mars has two small moons, Phobos (22.2 km, 13.8 mi) and Deimos (12.6 km, 7.8 mi) [([[https://www.space.com/20413-phobos-deimos-mars-moons.html|Space]])]
+Mars has two small moons, Phobos (22.2 km, 13.8 mi) and Deimos (12.6 km, 7.8 mi). [([[https://www.space.com/20413-phobos-deimos-mars-moons.html|Space]])]
 ==== Olympus Mons ====
-Olympus Mons is the tallest volcano on Mars, and the highest known mountain in the solar system, with a height of 16 miles (25 km) [([[https://mars.nasa.gov/gallery/atlas/olympus-mons.html|NASA]])]
+Olympus Mons is the tallest volcano on Mars, and the highest known mountain in the solar system, with a height of 16 miles (25 km). [([[https://mars.nasa.gov/gallery/atlas/olympus-mons.html|NASA]])]
 ==== 687 Earth days ====
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 ==== Curiosity rover ====
-On Jan 12, 2021, NASA's Curiosity rover passed 3,000 Martian days of work on the surface of Mars. It managed to travel over 23km (as of Jul 2020). It's powered by a nuclear battery and a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG), which produces energy from the decay of 11 lb (4.8 kg)of plutonium-238 dioxide. [([[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Curiosity-United-States-robotic-vehicle|Britannica]])]
+On Jan 12, 2021, NASA's Curiosity rover passed 3,000 Martian days of work on the surface of Mars. It managed to travel over 23km (as of Jul 2020). It's powered by a nuclear battery and a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG), which produces energy from the decay of 11 lb (4.8 kg) of plutonium-238 dioxide. [([[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Curiosity-United-States-robotic-vehicle|Britannica]])]
 ==== Opportunity rover ====
-Opportunity was a robotic rover that was exploring the surface of Mars surface for 15 years between 2004 and 2018. Its mission was planned for 90 sols (Martian days), but it managed to work 5,352 sols (5,498 Earth days). Opportunity drove 45.16 km, took over 224,000 photographs, made many important findings, including evidence of salty water deep enough to alter rocks. [([[https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/highlights/opportunity-spirit-rovers-mission-overview/|NASA]])]
+Opportunity was a robotic rover that was exploring the surface of Mars surface for 15 years between 2004 and 2018. Its mission was planned for 90 sols (Martian days), but it managed to work 5,352 sols (5,498 Earth days). Opportunity drove 45.16 km, took over 224,000 photographs, and made many important findings, including evidence of salty water deep enough to alter rocks. [([[https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/highlights/opportunity-spirit-rovers-mission-overview/|NASA]])]
-{{tag>science astronomy}}
+==== Phobos falling apart ====
+According to the study, in about 50 million years, Phobos will come so close to the surface of Mars that it will either fall to its surface or be torn apart by the planet's tidal forces. [([[https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/phobos-is-falling-apart|NASA]])]
+==== Gravity ====
+Gravity on Mars is 62.5% of Earth's gravity. [([[https://phys.org/news/2016-12-strong-gravity-mars.html|Phys]])]
+==== Atmosphere ====
+The atmosphere of Mars is more than 100 times thinner than Earth's.
+It consists of 95.32% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, 0.13% oxygen, and 0.08% carbon monoxide. In addition, the Martian atmosphere consists of water, nitrogen oxide, neon, krypton, and xenon. [([[https://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html|Space]])]
+==== Basalt and  tholeiites ====
+According to the study, the surface of Mars is composed mainly of tholeiites and basalt.[([[http://aram.ess.sunysb.edu/tglotch/TDG50.pdf|Planetary and Space Science]])]
+==== Nucleus ====
+The Martian nucleus is composed mainly of iron and about 14-17% sulfur. The Martian nucleus is partially liquid. [([[https://mars.nasa.gov/news/453/scientists-say-mars-has-a-liquid-iron-core/|NASA]])]
+==== Noachian Period ====
+The Noachian Period is the oldest in the geologic history of Mars. [([[https://sci.esa.int/web/mars-express/-/55481-the-ages-of-mars|European Space Agency]])]
+==== Hesperian period ====
+During the Hesperian period, when the Great Bombardment was underway, an ocean may have existed on Mars. [([[https://www.space.com/36661-late-heavy-bombardment.html|Space]])]
+==== Amazonian period ====
+During the Amazonian period, which is the youngest in Mars' geologic history, volcanic activity decreased tenfold compared to the Hesperian period. [([[https://www.planetary.org/articles/10251246-noachian-hesperian-amazonian|Planetary]])]
+==== Polar ice caps ====
+Mars has 2 permanent polar ice caps. [([[https://marsed.asu.edu/mep/ice/polar-caps|Mars Education]])]
+{{tag>science astronomy geology}}

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