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charles_darwin [2023/08/29 00:28]
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charles_darwin [2023/08/29 00:53] (current)
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| Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shrewsbury, England.[([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin|britannica]])] | Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shrewsbury, England.[([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin|britannica]])] |
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| | ===== 5th Of 6 Children ===== |
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| | He was the fifth of six children in his family.[([[https://darwin200.christs.cam.ac.uk/childhood|darwin200]])] |
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| | ===== Erasmus Darwin ===== |
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| | Darwin's father was a successful doctor, and his grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, was a well-known physician, poet, and natural philosopher.[([[https://www.erasmusdarwin.org/learning/erasmus-darwin/|erasmusdarwin]])] |
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| | ===== Early Interest ===== |
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| | As a young boy, Darwin showed an early interest in nature and collecting specimens.[([[https://www.nature.com/scitable/spotlight/charles-darwin-7567158/|nature]])] |
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| | ===== Studied Medicine ===== |
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| | He initially studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh but later switched to divinity at Christ's College, Cambridge.[([[https://darwin200.christs.cam.ac.uk/typical-students|darwin200]])] |
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| | ===== Friends With John Stevens Henslow ===== |
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| | During his time at Cambridge, Darwin became friends with John Stevens Henslow, a botanist who would later be influential in Darwin's career.[([[https://www.lindahall.org/about/news/scientist-of-the-day/john-stevens-henslow|lindahall]])] |
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| | ===== Henslow's Recommendation ===== |
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| | Henslow recommended Darwin for a position as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle, a voyage that would become the basis for his groundbreaking work.[([[https://www.galapagosislands.com/info/history/charles-darwin.html|galapagosislands]])] |
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| | ===== Voyage On HMS Beagle ===== |
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| | Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle lasted from 1831 to 1836 and took him to places like South America, the Galápagos Islands, and Australia.[([[https://www.nationalgeographic.org/maps/hms-beagle-darwins-trip-around-world/|nationalgeographic]])] |
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| | ===== Observations From The Voyage ===== |
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| | The observations Darwin made during his voyage led him to develop his theory of evolution by natural selection.[([[https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/05%3A_Evolution/5.13%3A_Darwin's_Voyage_of_the_Beagle|libretexts]])] |
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| | ===== On the Origin of Species ===== |
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| | Darwin's most famous work, "On the Origin of Species," was published in 1859, outlining his theory of evolution.[([[https://www.genome.gov/25520157/online-education-kit-1859-darwin-published-on-the-origin-of-species-proposing-continual-evolution-of-species|genome]])] |
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| | ===== Emma Wedgwood ===== |
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| | He married his cousin Emma Wedgwood in 1839, and they had ten children together.[([[https://daily.jstor.org/charles-darwin-in-love/|jstor]])] |
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| | ===== Health Issues ===== |
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| | Darwin's health suffered greatly throughout his life, and he often experienced various physical and mental ailments.[([[https://sciencehistory.org/stories/disappearing-pod/why-do-we-obsess-over-charles-darwins-health/|sciencehistory]])] |
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| | ===== Undiagnosed Illness ===== |
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| | He suffered from an undiagnosed illness that caused symptoms like fatigue, headaches, and stomach problems, which modern scholars speculate might have been related to Chagas disease.[([[https://www.cureus.com/articles/77257-diagnoses-for-charles-darwins-illness-a-wealth-of-inaccurate-differential-diagnoses#!/metrics|cureus]])] |
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| | ===== Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection ===== |
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| | Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection states that species change over time in response to their environment, with favorable traits becoming more common in populations over generations.[([[https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/natural-selection/|nationalgeographic]])] |
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| | ===== Challenging Fixed And Unchanging World ===== |
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| | His theory challenged the prevailing belief in a fixed and unchanging world, which was rooted in religious and scientific traditions.[([[https://www.classace.io/answers/write-an-essay-about-darwins-theory-project|classace]])] |
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| | ===== Sparking Debates ===== |
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| | Darwin's ideas sparked intense debates within both the scientific and religious communities.[([[https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/02/04/overview-the-conflict-between-religion-and-evolution/|pewresearch]])] |
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| | ===== Survival Of The Fittest ===== |
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| | The term "survival of the fittest" was coined by the philosopher Herbert Spencer and is often associated with Darwin's theory, although Darwin himself didn't frequently use the phrase.[([[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/herbert-spencer-survival-of-the-fittest-180974756/|smithsonianmag]])] |
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| | ===== Books After On The Origin Of Species ===== |
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| | Darwin published several other books after "On the Origin of Species," covering topics like human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions in animals and humans.[([[https://www.amazon.com/Expression-Emotions-Man-Animals/dp/1470188880|amazon]])] |
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| | ===== Studied Barnacles ===== |
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| | He extensively studied barnacles, and his work on these creatures earned him the title of "barnacle geek" among his colleagues.[([[https://scienceblog.com/35526/charles-darwin%E2%80%99s-other-passion-rediscovering-the-origins-of-barnacle-research/|scienceblog]])] |
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| | ===== Corresponded With Many Scientists ===== |
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| | Darwin corresponded with many scientists and thinkers of his time, including Thomas Huxley, Joseph Hooker, and Asa Gray.[([[https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letters|darwinproject]])] |
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| | ===== Chronic Nausea And Heart Palpitations ===== |
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| | He suffered from chronic nausea, heart palpitations, and other health issues that were likely exacerbated by the stress of his work and controversies.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1743237/pdf/v081p00248.pdf|ncbi]])] |
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| | ===== Note-Taking And Keeping Records ===== |
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| | Darwin was known for his meticulous note-taking, and he kept detailed records of his observations, experiments, and thoughts.[([[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/was-darwin-wrong|nationalgeographic]])] |
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| | ===== Interest In Pigeons ===== |
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| | His interest in pigeons led him to conduct breeding experiments, which helped him understand the principles of heredity and selection.[([[http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0065-17372009000300023g|scielo]])] |
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| | ===== Darwin's Works Translated ===== |
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| | Darwin's works were translated into numerous languages and had a profound impact on various fields beyond biology, including psychology, anthropology, and philosophy.[([[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40656-018-0195-0|springer]])] |
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| | ===== Awarded With Royal Society's Copley Medal ===== |
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| | He was awarded the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1864 for his extensive work on barnacles.[([[http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Chancellor_CoralReefs.html|darwin-online]])] |
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| | ===== Theory Of Evolution Not Immediately Accepted ===== |
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| | Darwin's theory of evolution was not immediately accepted by the scientific community, and he faced significant criticism and skepticism.[([[https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/02/04/darwin-and-his-theory-of-evolution/|pewresearch]])] |
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| | ===== Potential Backlash From Religious Authorities ===== |
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| | One of his major concerns about publishing his theory was the potential backlash from religious authorities.[([[https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/02/04/darwin-and-his-theory-of-evolution/|pewresearch]])] |
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| | ===== Common Ancestry ===== |
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| | The concept of common ancestry, central to Darwin's theory, proposed that all living organisms are linked through a shared evolutionary history.[([[https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/natural-selection/natural-selection-ap/a/darwin-evolution-natural-selection|khanacademy]])] |
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| | ===== Creation Of His Theory After Obsering Variations ===== |
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| | He formulated his theory after observing variations in species and traits among different populations of plants and animals.[([[https://www.nationalgeographic.org/maps/hms-beagle-darwins-trip-around-world/|nationalgeographic]])] |
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| | ===== Diversity Of Life ===== |
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| | Darwin's theory offered a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on Earth without the need for divine intervention.[([[https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s12052-012-0442-x|evolution-outreach]])] |
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