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+====== Charles And David Koch ======
+===== Birth of Charles Koch =====
+Charles de Ganahl Koch was born on November 1, 1935, in Wichita, Kansas. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== Birth of David Koch =====
+David Hamilton Koch was born on May 3, 1940, in Wichita, Kansas. [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== Fraternal Twins =====
+David Koch was born alongside his fraternal twin brother, William "Bill" Koch, as the third and fourth sons in the family. [([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-and-David-Koch|Britannica]])]
+===== Father's Thermal Cracking Invention =====
+Their father, Fred C. Koch, made his initial fortune by developing an improved technique of thermal cracking to convert heavy petroleum into gasoline. [([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-and-David-Koch|Britannica]])]
+===== Fred Koch's Work Ethic Philosophy =====
+Fred Koch insisted that his sons work long hours during hot summers to ensure they would not grow up to be lazy "country club bums." [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== Charles Koch MIT Engineering Degrees =====
+Charles Koch attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), earning both a Bachelor of Science and two Master of Science degrees in engineering. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== David Koch MIT Chemical Engineering =====
+David Koch earned both his bachelor's and master's degrees in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-and-David-Koch|Britannica]])]
+===== David's MIT Basketball Record =====
+As a standout student-athlete at MIT, David Koch set a school record by scoring 41 points in a single basketball game in 1962. [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== MIT Fraternity and Rugby Team =====
+Charles, David, and Bill Koch were all members of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity at MIT, where Charles and David also played on the club rugby team. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== Renaming to Koch Industries =====
+When Fred Koch passed away in 1967, Charles took over as president and renamed the Rock Island Oil and Refining Company to Koch Industries in honor of his father. [([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-and-David-Koch|Britannica]])]
+===== David Koch Joining the Firm =====
+David Koch joined the family business in 1970 as a technical services manager at Koch Engineering before rising to executive leadership. [([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Koch|Britannica]])]
+===== Buying Out Siblings in 1983 =====
+In 1983, Charles and David Koch purchased the ownership stakes of their brothers Bill and Frederick for $1.1 billion following a bitter legal battle. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== 1980 Vice Presidential Run =====
+In 1980, David Koch ran as the vice-presidential candidate for the Libertarian Party alongside presidential candidate Ed Clark, receiving over 900,000 votes. [([[https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/david-h-koch|EBSCO]])]
+===== Co-Founding Cato Institute =====
+Charles Koch co-founded the Cato Institute in 1977, establishing a prominent public policy research organization dedicated to free-market principles. [([[https://www.influencewatch.org/person/charles-koch/|Influence Watch]])]
+===== Citizens for a Sound Economy =====
+In 1984, the Koch brothers helped launch Citizens for a Sound Economy to organize grassroots advocacy for economic freedom and tax reform. [([[https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/david-h-koch|EBSCO]])]
+===== FreedomWorks and Americans for Prosperity =====
+Citizens for a Sound Economy later split in 2004 into two separate grassroots organizations: FreedomWorks and Americans for Prosperity. [([[https://www.influencewatch.org/person/charles-koch/|Influence Watch]])]
+===== Surviving USAir Flight 1493 Crash =====
+In 1991, David Koch miraculously survived the runway collision of USAir Flight 1493 in Los Angeles, escaping from a burning airplane cabin that took 34 lives. [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== Prostate Cancer Battle =====
+Diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1992, David Koch battled the illness for decades and subsequently channeled hundreds of millions of dollars into cancer research. [([[https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/david-h-koch|EBSCO]])]
+===== David H. Koch Theater at Lincoln Center =====
+David Koch pledged $100 million in 2008 to renovate the New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, which was renamed the David H. Koch Theater. [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== MIT Koch Institute Gift =====
+David Koch donated $100 million to MIT to construct the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research. [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== American Museum of Natural History Hall =====
+David Koch contributed $20 million to the American Museum of Natural History in New York to renovate its dinosaur halls. [([[https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/david-h-koch|EBSCO]])]
+===== Georgia-Pacific Acquisition =====
+In 2005, Koch Industries acquired consumer product giant Georgia-Pacific for $21 billion, adding brands like Dixie cups and Brawny paper towels. [([[https://www.kochinc.com/career-opportunities/georgia-pacific|Koch Inc]])]
+===== Market-Based Management Philosophy =====
+Charles Koch developed Market-Based Management (MBM), a holistic management framework applying principles of human action and economic science to business operations. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== Stand Together Rebranding =====
+The Koch political and philanthropic donor network reorganized its umbrella advocacy platform under the name Stand Together. [([[https://www.influencewatch.org/non-profit/stand-together/|Influence Watch]])]
+===== Transferring Nonvoting Shares =====
+Between 2020 and 2022, Charles Koch transferred $5.3 billion of Koch, Inc. nonvoting stock to non-profit organizations to support philanthropic causes. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== David Koch's Retirement =====
+In June 2018, David Koch retired from his executive vice president and board roles at Koch Industries due to declining health. [([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Koch|Britannica]])]
+===== David Koch's Passing =====
+David Koch passed away on August 23, 2019, at age 79, leaving behind a profound corporate and philanthropic legacy. [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== Julia Koch Inheriting Stake =====
+Following David Koch's passing, his widow Julia Koch and their children inherited his 42% ownership stake in Koch Industries. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== Second Largest Private Company Status =====
+Under Charles Koch's leadership, Koch Industries expanded into America's second-largest privately held company with over $125 billion in annual revenue. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== Appointment of Co-CEO in 2023 =====
+In 2023, Charles Koch brought on Dave Robertson as co-CEO of Koch Industries, marking the first time in company history the role was shared. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== Book Good Profit =====
+Charles Koch authored "Good Profit," detailing how applying Market-Based Management principles built one of the world's most successful corporations. [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== Book Believe in People =====
+Charles Koch co-authored the book "Believe in People: Bottom-Up Solutions for a Top-Down World," advocating social entrepreneurship over top-down governance. [([[https://standtogethertrust.org/about-us/|Stand Together Trust]])]
+===== Father's John Birch Society Role =====
+Their father, Fred Koch, was a founding member of the John Birch Society, instilling anti-collectivist political views in his sons. [([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-and-David-Koch|Britannica]])]
+===== David's Early Engineering Career =====
+Before joining Koch Engineering, David Koch worked as a process design engineer for Arthur D. Little and Scientific Design in Massachusetts and New York. [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== Expanding Koch Engineering Fifty-Fold =====
+Under David Koch's guidance, the process equipment division of Koch Chemical Technology Group expanded its commercial footprint 50-fold. [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== Bipartisan Criminal Justice Reform =====
+Charles Koch expanded his philanthropic outreach to collaborate with left-leaning groups on criminal justice and prison reform legislation. [([[https://www.influencewatch.org/person/charles-koch/|Influence Watch]])]
+===== Academic Philanthropy and Grants =====
+Through the Charles Koch Foundation, Charles Koch funded thousands of academic research grants and university programs nationwide. [([[https://standtogethertrust.org/about-us/|Stand Together Trust]])]
+===== Rebranding to Koch, Inc. =====
+In 2024, the parent conglomerate updated its corporate identity from Koch Industries to Koch, Inc. [([[https://www.kochinc.com/career-opportunities/georgia-pacific|Koch Inc]])]
+===== Non-Interventionist Foreign Policy =====
+Charles Koch backed foreign policy initiatives advocating restraint, military non-intervention, and peaceful diplomacy abroad. [([[https://standtogether2.org/faq-charles-koch-brian-hooks/after-working-for-years-to-elect-republicans-what-made-you-change-the-way-you-engage-in-politics/|Stand Together]])]
+===== Johns Hopkins Cancer Research Support =====
+David Koch provided extensive financial support to Johns Hopkins University to establish state-of-the-art medical and cancer research facilities. [([[https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/david-h-koch|EBSCO]])]
+===== Memorial Sloan Kettering Giving =====
+David Koch donated over $150 million to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York to build a 23-story outpatient medical center. [([[https://www.davidkochfoundation.org/about-david-h-koch|David H. Koch Foundation]])]
+===== Five Decades of Leadership =====
+Charles Koch has served as chairman and chief executive officer of the family business for over 50 consecutive years. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== Invista Acquisition =====
+In 2004, Koch Industries acquired Invista, the synthetic fibers business from DuPont that produces brands like Lycra and Stainmaster. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== Molex Electronic Connectors Acquisition =====
+In 2013, Koch Industries expanded into electronic components by acquiring Molex Inc. for $7.2 billion. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]
+===== Wichita Kansas Headquarters =====
+Throughout its global expansion into an industrial titan, Charles Koch kept Koch, Inc. headquartered in his hometown of Wichita, Kansas. [([[https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-koch/|Forbes]])]

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