The War of the Pacific took place in South America between 1879 and 1883. In the 19th century, there were no clearly defined borders between Peru, Bolivia, and Chile in the Atacama Desert region. This became a source of conflict when valuable natural resources were discovered in the region. ¹⁾

The charango is a small Andean stringed instrument, similar to the mandolin. It usually has 10 strings. Traditionally, the soundbox was made from the shell of an armadillo. The instrument was created in its current form in the 18th century. The charango is considered the national instrument in Bolivia, but it is also used in Chile and Peru. ²⁾

Puna is a high mountain vegetation formation characteristic of semi-desert and desert areas, with dry and cool climates, occurring over a large area of the Andes, at an altitude of 9800 ft - 16000 ft. The typical vegetation is dry-stemmed bunchgrasses. ³⁾

Che Guevara was shot and killed in La Higuera, Vallegrande, Bolivia in 1967. ⁴⁾

Bolivia is home to 10 million people, 88% of whom speak Spanish. Despite this, the country has 39 official languages, including many Indian languages. This is due to the constitution stating that each language of the indigenous people is the language of the country. An extreme case is the nearly extinct Bauré language, which is spoken by fewer than 200 people today. ⁵⁾