Augustus was born as Gaius Octavius Thurinus on September 23, 63 BCE.¹⁾

He was posthumously adopted by his great-uncle, Julius Caesar, in his will and took the name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later known as Octavian.²⁾

Augustus is considered the first Roman emperor, ruling from 27 BCE until his death in 14 CE.³⁾

He was only 19 years old when Julius Caesar was assassinated and he began his rise to power.⁴⁾

Augustus formed the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus in 43 BCE to defeat Caesar’s assassins.⁵⁾

Augustus and Antony defeated the forces of Brutus and Cassius, who were responsible for Caesar's assassination, at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BCE.⁶⁾

Augustus eventually fell out with Mark Antony, leading to a civil war.⁷⁾

In 31 BCE, Augustus defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium, leading to his sole rule over Rome.⁸⁾

After their defeat, Cleopatra and Antony committed suicide, leaving Augustus the unchallenged ruler of Rome.⁹⁾

In 27 BCE, the Senate awarded him the title “Augustus,” meaning “the revered one,” marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.¹⁰⁾

Augustus held numerous titles and powers, including “Princeps” (First Citizen), “Imperator” (commander), and “Pontifex Maximus” (chief priest).¹¹⁾

His reign initiated the Pax Romana, a period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire that lasted for over two centuries.¹²⁾

Augustus introduced laws aimed at moral reforms, including legislation against adultery and for the promotion of marriage and childbirth.¹³⁾

He left behind an account of his achievements called the “Res Gestae Divi Augusti,” which was inscribed on monuments across the empire.¹⁴⁾

Augustus built a grand mausoleum in Rome, where he and other members of the imperial family were buried.¹⁵⁾