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--- augustus [2024/09/08 23:46]
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+++ augustus [2024/09/09 05:42] (current)
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 He revived traditional Roman religious practices and rebuilt numerous temples.[([[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/116/augustus-political-social--moral-reforms/|worldhistory]])]
+===== Military Achievements =====
+Augustus expanded the Roman Empire, securing its borders and establishing new provinces in Spain, Gaul, and the Balkans.[([[https://academic.oup.com/book/6853/chapter/151053282|oup]])]
+===== Golden Age of Latin Literature =====
+His reign is often referred to as the "Golden Age" of Latin literature, with writers like Virgil, Horace, and Ovid flourishing under his patronage.[([[https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-early-roman-empire-and-the-reign-of-augustus-caesar.html|study]])]
+===== Augustan Peace =====
+The "Pax Augusta," or Augustan Peace, became synonymous with the stability and prosperity of his reign.[([[https://www.quora.com/How-did-Augustus-reign-lead-to-the-Pax-Romana|quora]])]
+===== Successor’s Reluctance =====
+Tiberius, his successor, was reportedly reluctant to take on the role of emperor, preferring a more private life.[([[https://medium.com/@barronqasem/tiberius-caesar-augustus-the-reluctant-emperor-2523253c77c6|medium]])]
+===== Senatorial Class =====
+Augustus elevated the senatorial class and filled its ranks with loyal supporters to secure his position.[([[https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Rome/The-Roman-Senate-and-the-urban-magistracies|britannica]])]
+===== Iconography =====
+Augustus was often depicted in military attire or in the guise of a god, emphasizing his role as Rome’s protector.[([[https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/romanartandarch2011/14123.html|brown]])]
+===== Augustales =====
+He created a new priesthood, the Augustales, dedicated to the worship of his divine spirit.[([[https://ancientromanhistory31-14.com/augustus/the-imperial-cult-under-augustus/|ancientromanhistory31-14]])]
+===== Posthumous Honors =====
+Augustus’ birthday, September 23, was celebrated annually as a national holiday throughout the empire.[([[https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/02A950BEE5000E73B7F0688B58E3F97A|cambridge]])]
+===== Literary Censorship =====
+While promoting literature, Augustus also imposed censorship, exiling poets like Ovid for works he considered immoral or subversive.[([[https://web.colby.edu/ovid-censorship/censorship/banning-books-and-freedom-of-speech-in-ancient-rome/|colby]])]
+===== Military Diplomacy =====
+Augustus often preferred diplomacy over direct military conquest, securing peace treaties with Parthia and other neighboring powers.[([[https://repository.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4833&context=gradschool_dissertations|lsu]])]
+===== Augustus Prima Porta =====
+One of the most famous statues of Augustus, the Augustus of Prima Porta, shows him as an idealized, youthful ruler, symbolizing his authority and divine favor.[([[https://www.quora.com/Was-Augustus-Prima-Porta-painted|quora]])]
+===== Julio-Claudian Dynasty =====
+Augustus founded the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which ruled Rome for nearly a century.[([[https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jucl/hd_jucl.htm|metmuseum]])]
+===== Death =====
+Augustus died on August 19, 14 CE, in Nola, near Naples, after ruling for 41 years, making him one of the longest-reigning Roman emperors.[([[https://alexandermeddings.com/history/ancient-history/roman-emperor-deaths/|alexandermeddings]])]
+===== Famous Last Words =====
+His reported last words were, "I found Rome of clay; I leave it to you of marble," reflecting his transformative impact on the city. Another account claims his last words were to those around him: "Have I played my part well? Then applaud as I exit."[([[https://prophecyhistory.com/node/309|prophecyhistory]])]

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